| 一般现在时 | 主语 + 动词原形（第三人称单数加-s/es） | She works every day. | 表示习惯、真理或恒定状态。 |
| 现在进行时 | am/is/are + 现在分词 | I am writing a letter. | 表示此刻正在进行的动作，或近期计划中的动作。 |
| 现在完成时 | have/has + 过去分词 | They have finished the project. | 强调过去动作对现在的影响，或从过去延续到现在的状态。 |
| 现在完成进行时 | have/has been + 现在分词 | He has been studying for hours. | 强调从过去持续到现在的动作，可能仍在进行。 |
| 一般过去时 | 主语 + 动词过去式 | I visited Paris last year. | 表示过去发生的已完成动作。 |
| 过去进行时 | was/were + 现在分词 | She was cooking when I called. | 描述过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，或背景动作。 |
| 过去完成时 | had + 过去分词 | He had left before the meeting. | 表示“过去的过去”，即某一过去动作之前已完成的动作。 |
| 过去完成进行时 | had been + 现在分词 | They had been waiting for an hour. | 强调过去某时之前持续进行的动作，可能已停止或继续。 |
| 一般将来时 | will/shall + 动词原形 | I will call you tomorrow. | 表示未来发生的动作或预测。 |
| 将来进行时 | will be + 现在分词 | She will be traveling next week. | 描述未来某一时刻正在进行的动作，或礼貌询问他人计划。 |
| 将来完成时 | will have + 过去分词 | By 2025, he will have graduated. | 表示未来某一时间点之前会完成的动作。 |
| 将来完成进行时 | will have been + 现在分词 | By June, I will have been working here for 5 years. | 强调持续到未来某一时间的动作，常与时间状语连用。 |
| 一般过去将来时 | would + 动词原形 | She said she would come. | 过去视角下的未来动作（常用于间接引语或虚拟语气）。 |
| 过去将来进行时 | would be + 现在分词 | He knew she would be waiting. | 过去视角下未来某一时刻预计进行的动作。 |
| 过去将来完成时 | would have + 过去分词 | They promised they would have finished by Monday. | 过去视角下未来某一时间点前会完成的动作。 |
| 过去将来完成进行时 | would have been + 现在分词 | By December, he would have been studying for 10 years. | 过去视角下持续到未来某一时间的动作，强调持续性。 |